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Inducta Energy
Battery Storage · Financial Model
Investment Committee Pack
BESS Financial Model
CONFIDENTIAL · NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION · DRAFT — INDICATIVE
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CONFIDENTIAL · NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION
IE
Inducta Energy
BESS · Financial Model
Battery Energy Storage Financial Model — Build Your Own
⚙ BLANK TEMPLATE
All Inputs Editable
Results update automatically
Live
Asset Configuration
Project Parameters
Define the asset size, technical specifications and optimiser arrangement
Asset Size
MW
hr
yr
💰Optimiser / Trading
8.0%
Statkraft market range 3–10%. Slider 0–15%.
🔧Technical Parameters
Capital Expenditure
Capex Build-Up
All-in project cost breakdown by component. Enter values in £ per MW of power capacity.
🔋Component Costs (£/MW)
£
Benchmark £300k–£450k/MW · LFP 2025
£
Benchmark £80k–£120k/MW
£
Site-specific: £50k–£250k/MW
£
£20k–£100k/MW
£
Typically 5–7% of total capex
Capital Structure
Financing & Returns
Senior debt structure, equity cheque size and investor return target
🏦Senior Debt
60%
Typical BESS range: 50–70%. Higher requires revenue floor.
%
Confirmed range: 6.15–6.25%
yr
Standard bank: 10–15 years
🎯Equity & Hurdle Rate
14.6%
Equity IRR target — pre-tax basis
🔒Revenue Floor (Optional)
£
0 = no floor (pure merchant)
yr
Revenue Assumptions
Revenue per MW per Year
GRID Annual Report 2025 · Cornwall Insight · Aurora Energy Research · Modo Energy benchmarks
📊Year-by-Year Revenue (£/MW/yr)
Override — Flat Rate or Growth
£
%
Operating Expenditure
Annual Operating Costs
Year 1 base costs excluding optimiser fee, escalated annually at the rate set below
⚙️Operating Cost Lines — Year 1 (£/yr)
£
~£7k/MW/yr · OEM contract
£
~£4.5k/MW/yr · RPI-linked
£
£
£
Battery capacity augmentation accrual
2.5%
RPI/CPI-linked annual escalation applied to all opex lines
Investment Committee Pack
Financial Metrics & Returns Analysis
Institutional-grade returns, coverage ratios, capital efficiency and sensitivity analysis · auto-updates with all input changes
§ 1Returns Analysis
Pre-tax basis · all-equity and levered
Project IRR (Unlevered)
pre-tax · all-equity basis
Equity IRR (Levered)
vs hurdle
NPV @ Hurdle
discounted at IRR target
Equity Multiple (MOIC)
total cash returned ÷ invested
Payback (Simple)
years to recover equity
Payback (Discounted)
at hurdle discount rate
Methodology Project IRR is calculated on free cash to firm (EBITDA less capex), pre-tax. Equity IRR reflects free cash to equity post-debt service, pre-tax. Both shown with and without the assumed exit (where modelled). NPV uses the equity hurdle rate as discount factor. MOIC = Σ undiscounted equity cash returns ÷ initial equity outlay.
§ 2Hold vs. Exit Decomposition
Operational return vs. terminal value contribution
Interpretation A material gap between Hold-to-maturity IRR and Exit IRR indicates terminal value dependence. LPs prefer returns weighted toward operational FCF rather than reliance on a successful sale.
§ 3Debt & Coverage Ratios
Lender protection metrics — DSCR, LLCR, PLCR
Min DSCR
tightest year
Avg DSCR
over debt life
LLCR
loan life coverage
PLCR
project life coverage
Debt / EBITDA Yr 1
leverage at COD
Avg. Life of Debt
weighted avg. years
Total Interest Paid
over debt life
Refinancing Headroom
debt repaid Yr T
Coverage Ratio Definitions DSCR = EBITDA ÷ (Interest + Principal). Lenders typically require ≥1.20× minimum, ≥1.30× average.  LLCR = NPV of CFADS during debt tenor ÷ Debt outstanding. ≥1.40× preferred.  PLCR = NPV of CFADS over project life ÷ Debt outstanding. Provides comfort that the asset's full economic life can amortise the debt.
§ 4Profitability & Cash Generation
Lifetime totals · margin analysis · capital intensity
Total Lifetime Revenue
£/MW/yr avg
Total EBITDA
avg margin
Total FCF to Equity
undiscounted, ex-exit
Cash Yield Yr 1
avg over life
Capex / MW
total project
Capex / MWh
duration-adjusted
Avg EBITDA / MW / yr
across project life
Opex / MW Yr 1
all line items
§ 5NPV Sensitivity to Discount Rate
Equity NPV at varying cost of capital
§ 6Single-Variable Sensitivity (Tornado)
Impact of ±10% change to Equity IRR · ranked by magnitude
Reading the Tornado Each variable is shocked by ±10% holding all else constant. Bars to the right of centre = IRR uplift; bars to the left = IRR drag. The longest bar is the variable with greatest sensitivity — typically the area where due diligence and structuring effort should focus.
§ 7Two-Way Sensitivity: Capex × Revenue
Equity IRR (pre-tax) · base case highlighted · vs hurdle
§ 7.2Two-Way Sensitivity: Gearing × Debt Rate
Equity IRR (pre-tax)
§ 8Exit Valuation Across Holding Periods
Implied EV, equity proceeds and IRR for sale at end of each year
Note Exit values use the method selected on the Exit / Sale tab (EBITDA multiple, £/MW, or manual). Where a manual EV is set, a flat value is assumed across all years for illustration.
§ 9Risk Indicators & Break-Even Points
Stress thresholds — at what point does the deal fail?
Break-Even Revenue
£/MW/yr to clear hurdle
Revenue Cushion
vs Year 1 model input
DSCR Headroom
vs 1.20× covenant
Capex Tolerance
% overrun before IRR < hurdle
Opex Tolerance
% increase before IRR < hurdle
Debt Rate Tolerance
bps headroom before DSCR < 1.20×
Exit Modelling
Sale / Exit Assumptions
Optional — model a secondary sale at any point in the project life
🏷Exit Parameters
No exit
Set to 0 for no exit (hold full model life)
£
Agreed sale price / enterprise value
%
Advisory, legal, tax: 1.5–3%
Pre-Tax Equity IRR
vs hurdle
DSCR — Year 1
rising over life
EBITDA — Year 1
margin
Total Capex
£/MW · total
Equity Invested
at gearing
Avg DSCR
over debt life
Scenario Analysis — Pre-Tax IRR
Revenue sensitivity across 5 scenarios
15-Year Cash Flow Model Pre-tax basis
All figures £000s nominal
15-Year Financial Profile
Revenue · EBITDA · Free cash to equity (£000s nominal)
Inducta Energy · BESS Model · May 2026 · Confidential
DISCLAIMER  ·  This financial model is prepared by Inducta Energy for discussion purposes only. All assumptions are subject to due diligence and third-party verification. Revenue projections are based on Cornwall Insight, Aurora Energy Research and Modo Energy benchmarks (2025). Past performance of comparable assets does not guarantee future results. This document is strictly confidential and intended solely for the named recipient.  ·  © Inducta Energy 2026